砂andof Gods (~) are the Three Good Destinies. ha, the "Rock Gardens" issued from the Zen philosophy (from the XIVth cen-tury), the "Tea Gardens" with an explanation of tea ceremony and the so-called "Stroll Gardens" of the Edo period (1603-1867). As a conclusion, I will consider two fundamental materials of creation of a garden : water and stone. Title of the lecture : JAPANESE PAINTINGS OF THE RETRIBUTION OF THE SOUL IN THE SIX REALMS AND OF THE REBIRTH IN THE PURE LAND OF BUDDHA AMIT ABHA Under the Buddhist concept of reincarnation, beings are reborn in Five or Six Destinies according to the life they led. In Japan, where Buddhism was officially introduced in 538, the number of six Destinies has prevailed. The Destinies of Hells (~), of Hungry Spirits (Gaki-d6) and of Animals (Chikush6-d6) are considered to be the Three Bad Destinies, while the Destinies of Human Beings (Nin-d6), of Asura (Ashura-I will focus this lecture on three main points : 1. Historical presentation of paintings of the Six Destinies during the Nara period (710-794), the Heian period (794-1185) and the Kamakura period (1185-1333). 2. Presentation of the set of fifteen paintings named Rokud6-e of the Sh6ju-Raig6ji temple. This set was realized during the first half of the Kamakura period and inspired by the text of the~'written in 985 by the Tendai monk Genshin (942-1017). 3. I will end by a discussion of the evolution of the religious concepts that are reflected in the paintings, especially the rise of the worship of Jir6 bosatsu (bodhisattva Ksitigarbha) and Kannon bosatsu (bodhisattva Avalokitesvara). 26 -
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