one set of folding screen or sliding-door paintings. A second type involved meisho -e, or place painting, depicting the scenery of various celebrated sites, which were known to people of the time through their use as poetic themes (uta makura). In addition, distinctive screen paintings appeared that combinated the temporal and allusive elements of both these types. Because these paintings depicted the Japanese landscape and customs, they came to be called "yamato-e," or "Japanese subject paintings." In contrast, earlier paintings of Chinese subject matter came to be called "kara-e," or "Chi-nese subject paintings. " The difference in subject matter necessarily resulted in changes in pictorial expression and style. In place of idealized figures in Chinese dress, and hermits dwelling in steep mountains and deep valleys, paintings de-picted figures of familiar men and women, events of the four seasons, and farm-ers working. These motifs were paired with the poetic sentiment of the waka in-scribed on the painting's surface. The natural views surrounding these motifs be-came the gentle Japanese landscape and the gradual progression of the seasons. Here we can recognize the first important step toward "Japanization" in paint-ing. Parallel to this, between the late 9th and early 10th century, another ex-tremely important event occurred in Japanese painting : the development of narra-tive painting (monogatari-e), and specifically illustrated handscrolls, or emaki. Japanese narratives interspersed with kana, were first produced for women of the court and aristocracy. They included the relatively short tales based on age-old folk stories, like the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, as well as those like the Tale of Ise, with episodes revolving around waka poems. By the late 10th century, how-ever, there appeared the lengthy work, the Tale of the Hollow Tree, and at the beginning of the 12th century, we see the appearance of the world-renowned novel, the Tale of Genji. Significantly, these Japanese tales written in kana script were from their inception accompanied by paintings. The viewer would read the text before each image, or else have female attendants read the texts aloud for them as they enjoyed the pictures and seeing themselves imitated by the -681-
元のページ ../index.html#692